澳大利亚央行加息至 4.85%、18 年新高：学会 cash rate、unanimous、pass on

新闻日期：2026 年 11 月 3 日（澳大利亚）｜英文程度：B1–B2｜主题：国际新闻、财经英文

澳大利亚央行（RBA）在 11 月 3 日宣布加息 1 码，把现金利率（cash rate）从 4.60% 调高到 4.85%，是 2008 年以来的最高水平。对正在澳大利亚打工度假、留学，或准备出发的人来说，这则新闻和房租、生活费息息相关。

财经新闻常出现 cash rate、percentage point、pass on 这类字，第一次看可能卡住，但其实用法很固定。这篇用一则原创改写的英文短文，带你看懂澳大利亚加息新闻，并学会 10 个在职场、生活都用得到的单词和句型。

想知道加息前市场怎么预期？可以先读澳大利亚可能第五度加息？这篇前情提要。

建议先不看中文读一次，试着抓出三个重点：利率从多少调到多少？理事会投票结果是几比几？对有房贷的家庭有什么影响？

English Level：Intermediate（B1–B2）｜Topic：Economy, Australia

Australia's Central Bank Raises Rates to an 18-Year High

On 3 November, the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) raised its cash rate by 0.25 percentage points, from 4.60% to 4.85%. According to ABC News, it was the bank's fifth increase this year and took the rate to its highest level since 2008. The decision was not unanimous: six board members voted for the hike, while three wanted to keep the rate unchanged.

The RBA said inflation remains elevated and is broadly based, which means prices are rising across many parts of the economy. It pointed to higher fuel and other commodity prices linked to the conflict in the Middle East, as well as fast-rising prices for technology goods. The bank now expects inflation to stay above 3% for the coming year and not to reach the top of its 2–3% target range until late 2027.

For households, the hike means bigger mortgage bills. Macquarie was the first lender to pass on the 0.25 percentage point increase, effective 19 November. Canstar, a comparison site, estimated that someone with a $600,000 mortgage will now pay about $456 more each month than at the start of the year.

The decision also sparked a political debate. Treasurer Jim Chalmers said government budgets were not what was pushing inflation higher, while Opposition Leader Angus Taylor argued that the government was spending too much. The RBA's next meeting will be held on 7–8 December.

上方英文为依据澳大利亚央行声明及 ABC News 报道原创撰写的学习短文，并非新闻媒体逐字原文；文中金额为澳币。

11 月 3 日，澳大利亚准备银行（澳大利亚央行，RBA）将现金利率调升 0.25 个百分点，从 4.60% 升至 4.85%。根据 ABC News 报道，这是央行今年第五次加息，也让利率来到 2008 年以来的最高水平。这项决定并非全体一致：六位理事投票支持加息，另外三位则希望维持利率不变。

澳大利亚央行表示，通胀仍然偏高，而且范围广泛，代表物价正在经济的许多层面上涨。央行指出，中东冲突推高了燃料与其他大宗商品价格，科技产品价格也快速上涨。央行目前预估，未来一年通胀将维持在 3% 以上，要到 2027 年底才会降到 2–3% 目标区间的上缘。

对家庭来说，加息代表房贷账单变得更重。Macquarie 是第一家把这次 0.25 个百分点升幅反映给客户的放款机构，11 月 19 日生效。比价网站 Canstar 估算，房贷 60 万澳币的人，现在每月要比年初多付约 456 澳币。

这项决定也引发政治论战。财政部长 Jim Chalmers 表示，推升通胀的并不是政府预算；反对党领袖 Angus Taylor 则认为政府花钱太多。澳大利亚央行下一次会议将在 12 月 7–8 日举行。

1. cash rate（n.）现金利率；澳大利亚央行的政策利率

新闻用法：the RBA raised its cash rate to 4.85%

例句：My friend in Brisbane says his rent went up after the cash rate rose again.
我在布里斯本的朋友说，现金利率又调升后，他的房租也涨了。

2. raise（v.）调高、提高（及物动词，后面要接受词）

新闻用法：raised its cash rate by 0.25 percentage points

例句：Our company raised salaries by 3% this year.
我们公司今年调薪 3%。

3. percentage point（n.）百分点

新闻用法：by 0.25 percentage points（＝ 25 basis points，俗称「1 码」）

例句：My TOEIC listening accuracy went up by 10 percentage points.
我的托业听力答对率提高了 10 个百分点。

4. unanimous（adj.）全体一致的

新闻用法：The decision was not unanimous.

例句：The team made a unanimous decision to hold the meeting online.
团队一致决定改成在线开会。

5. hike（n./v.）（价格、利率的）调升

新闻用法：voted for the hike

例句：The MRT fare hike surprised many students.
地铁票价调涨让很多学生很意外。

6. inflation（n.）通货膨胀

新闻用法：inflation remains elevated

例句：Because of inflation, my lunch now costs NT$150 instead of NT$120.
因为通胀，我的午餐从 120 元变成 150 元。

7. mortgage（n.）房屋贷款

新闻用法：bigger mortgage bills

例句：My parents finally paid off their mortgage last year.
我爸妈去年终于把房贷还清了。

8. lender（n.）放款机构、借钱给人的一方

新闻用法：the first lender to pass on the increase

例句：Compare different lenders before you apply for a student loan.
申请学贷前，先比较不同的放款机构。

9. pass on (to)（phr. v.）把（成本、涨幅）转嫁给

新闻用法：pass on the 0.25 percentage point increase

例句：The café passed on the higher milk prices to customers.
这家咖啡店把牛奶涨价的成本转嫁给客人。

10. spark（v.）引发、激起

新闻用法：sparked a political debate

例句：His post about working holidays sparked a long discussion online.
他那篇打工度假的贴文在网络上引发热烈讨论。

句型 1：take … to its highest level since + 时间点（创下…以来新高）

原句：It took the rate to its highest level since 2008.

说明：描述数字「创下某年以来新高」，新闻和简报都很常用。反义是 lowest level since。

套用：Rising rent took our living costs to their highest level since we moved to Sydney.
房租上涨，让我们的生活费来到搬到悉尼以来的最高点。

句型 2：expect + 受词 + not to V … until + 时间（预期要到…才）

原句：The bank expects inflation to stay above 3% for the coming year and not to reach the top of its target range until late 2027.

说明：not … until 表示「直到某时才…」，强调比预期晚。expect 的否定可放在 to 前面：expect something not to do。

套用：I expect my English to improve quickly, but not to reach IELTS 7 until next year.
我预期英文会进步很快，但要到明年才会到雅思 7 分。

句型 3：A said …, while B argued …（A 说…，B 则认为…）

原句：Jim Chalmers said …, while Angus Taylor argued that the government was spending too much.

说明：用 while 连接两方不同意见，呈现对比。写新闻摘要、会议纪录时，用来平衡呈现双方立场。

套用：My manager said the plan was ready, while the designer argued it needed more time.
主管说计划已就绪，设计师则认为还需要更多时间。

情境：准备去澳大利亚打工度假的 Amy，和已在墨尔本的朋友 Ben 视频。

English Conversation

• Amy: I saw the news. The RBA raised the cash rate again?
• Ben: Yes, to 4.85%. It's the highest level since 2008.
• Amy: Does that affect people like us? We don't have a mortgage.
• Ben: Not directly, but some landlords pass on higher costs to tenants.
• Amy: So rent might go up. That's not great news.
• Ben: Right. Inflation is still high, so budget carefully when you arrive.
• Amy: Good idea. I'll compare rooms before I sign anything.
• Ben: Smart. And don't forget to check your pay rate, too.

中文翻译

• Amy：我看到新闻了。澳大利亚央行又加息了？
• Ben：对，升到 4.85%，是 2008 年以来最高。
• Amy：这会影响我们这种人吗？我们又没有房贷。
• Ben：不会直接影响，但有些房东会把增加的成本转嫁给房客。
• Amy：所以房租可能会涨，这可不是好消息。
• Ben：对啊。通胀还是很高，妳到了以后要好好规划预算。
• Amy：好主意。签约之前我会先多比较几间房间。
• Ben：聪明。也别忘了确认自己的时薪。

建议先不要回头看文章，选好答案按下确认，就会看到解析。

看懂新闻只是第一步，能用英文聊新闻、表达自己的看法，才是真正派得上用场的能力。Ambitious Learner 的一对一在线英文课，可以依你的程度和目标（例如打工度假面试、租屋沟通、职场会议）安排主题练习。

如果想在出发前密集加强，也可以了解菲律宾游学方案，或先看澳大利亚打工度假的准备重点。学习成效因人而异，欢迎透过官方 LINE预约咨询，找出适合你的节奏。

• 澳大利亚可能第五度加息？：加息前的市场预期与 rate hike 用法。
• 数据泄露英文怎么说？：从 NSW Health 网络安全事件学 data breach。
• 职场英文沟通的专业进阶：6 大策略，让会议、Email 与跨国协作更精准。
• 日光节约时间英文怎么说？：学会 fall back、time difference。

• Reserve Bank of Australia：Statement by the Monetary Policy Board: Monetary Policy Decision（2026-30）｜2026/11/03
• ABC News：RBA hikes cash rate to 18-year high of 4.85 per cent — as it happened｜2026/11/03
• ABC News：Federal politics live｜2026/11/04
• Reserve Bank of Australia：Board meeting schedules｜下次会议 12/7–8

信息核查日期：2026/11/5。英文阅读短文、例句、对话及测验为 Ambitious Learner 教学用途之原创内容，并非新闻媒体逐字原文。房贷增加金额为 Canstar 估算值，实际影响因贷款条件与个人状况而异。