新闻英文｜2026 诺贝尔经济学奖揭晓：一次学会 inflation、interest rate、boom and bust

物价又涨了、房贷利率会不会再升、出国换汇到底划不划算⋯⋯这些日常烦恼，其实都和「总体经济」有关。2026 年 10 月 12 日，2026 年诺贝尔经济学奖揭晓，由美国斯坦福大学的 Robert E. Hall 与哥伦比亚大学的 Michael Woodford 共同获得。两人的研究深入解释家庭与企业如何面对经济变化做出决策，并影响现代央行稳定景气、处理通胀与经济冲击的方式。

这篇新闻英文文章，我们用一段约 200 字的原创英文短文，带你用英文读懂这则诺贝尔经济学奖新闻，并整理 inflation 意思、interest rate、boom and bust 等财经新闻高频单词。这些字不只常出现在 BBC、CNN 等外电，也常见于托业 Part 7 的商业文章和职场简报。

就算你对经济学没兴趣也没关系：学会这几个字，下次看到「央行升息」「通胀降温」的英文标题，就能一眼看懂重点。

On Monday, October 12, two American economists won the 2026 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences. Robert E. Hall of Stanford University and Michael Woodford of Columbia University will share the prize money of 12 million Swedish kronor, or about 1.2 million US dollars. It was the last Nobel Prize announced this year.

Their work helps explain why economies go through booms and busts, or periods of fast growth followed by slowdowns. Hall's research showed that people do not decide how much to spend based only on their current income. They also consider how much they expect to earn in the future. Woodford studied how companies set prices. Because changing prices often costs time and money, many businesses look ahead and choose prices that will work for a longer period.

Together, their ideas changed how central banks deal with inflation and unemployment. Their research also highlighted the importance of expectations and clear communication in monetary policy. Today, many central banks around the world use models built on this research when they set interest rates.

Woodford said the award came as a surprise. "It's a tremendous honor," he said at a press conference, according to Axios.

10 月 12 日星期一，两位美国经济学家获得 2026 年诺贝尔经济学奖。斯坦福大学的 Robert E. Hall 与哥伦比亚大学的 Michael Woodford 将共同分享 1,200 万瑞典克朗（约 120 万美元）的奖金。这是今年最后一个公布的诺贝尔奖项。

他们的研究有助于解释，为什么经济会经历「繁荣与萧条」，也就是快速成长之后接着放缓的时期。Hall 的研究指出，人们决定要花多少钱，并不只根据目前的收入，也会考虑未来预期能赚多少。Woodford 则研究企业如何定价。由于调整价格往往要花时间和成本，许多企业会往前看，选择能维持较长时间的价格。

两人的观点合起来，改变了中央银行处理通货膨胀与失业问题的方式。他们的研究也凸显了「预期」与清楚的政策沟通在货币政策中的重要性。如今，世界各地许多央行在设定利率时，都会使用以这项研究为基础的模型。

Woodford 表示，得奖让他很意外。据 Axios 报道，他在记者会上表示：「这是莫大的荣幸。」

1. economist（n.）经济学家
   • 新闻用法：two American economists won the 2026 Nobel Prize
   • 例句：The economist on TV said housing prices in Taipei may stay high next year.
   • 中译：电视上的经济学家说，台北房价明年可能仍会维持高档。
2. share（v.）共同分享、分摊
   • 新闻用法：will share the prize money
   • 例句：My roommates and I share the rent and the electricity bill every month.
   • 中译：我和室友每个月一起分摊房租和电费。
3. boom and bust（phr.）景气繁荣与萧条的循环、大起大落
   • 新闻用法：economies go through booms and busts
   • 例句：The bubble tea industry has seen a lot of booms and busts over the years.
   • 中译：这些年来，手摇饮产业经历了许多次大起大落。
4. slowdown（n.）放缓、减速
   • 新闻用法：periods of fast growth followed by slowdowns
   • 例句：Our company stopped hiring because of the economic slowdown.
   • 中译：因为经济放缓，我们公司暂停招募新人。
5. expect（v.）预期、预计
   • 新闻用法：how much they expect to earn in the future
   • 例句：I expect to save enough money for my working holiday by next summer.
   • 中译：我预计在明年夏天前存够打工度假的钱。
6. set prices（phr.）制定价格
   • 新闻用法：Woodford studied how companies set prices.
   • 例句：Night market vendors often set prices based on the cost of ingredients.
   • 中译：夜市摊贩通常根据食材成本来定价。
7. look ahead（phr. v.）往前看、为未来做打算
   • 新闻用法：many businesses look ahead and choose prices…
   • 例句：If you look ahead and book early, flights to Cebu are much cheaper.
   • 中译：如果你提早规划、早点订票，飞宿务的机票会便宜很多。
8. central bank（n.）中央银行
   • 新闻用法：how central banks deal with inflation and unemployment
   • 例句：Taiwan's central bank decides whether to raise interest rates.
   • 中译：台湾的中央银行决定是否升息。
9. inflation（n.）通货膨胀、物价上涨
   • 新闻用法：deal with inflation and unemployment
   • 例句：Because of inflation, a lunch box now costs almost NT$120.
   • 中译：因为通胀，现在一个便当要价将近 120 元台币。
10. unemployment（n.）失业、失业率
    • 新闻用法：deal with inflation and unemployment
    • 例句：Youth unemployment is a big topic in many countries.
    • 中译：青年失业是许多国家的热门议题。
11. interest rate（n.）利率
    • 新闻用法：when they set interest rates
    • 例句：Higher interest rates mean my monthly mortgage payment will go up.
    • 中译：利率上升代表我每个月的房贷要缴更多。

句型 1：not … based only on A. S also …（不只根据 A，也会…）

• 原文：Hall's research showed that people do not decide how much to spend based only on their current income. They also consider how much they expect to earn in the future.
• 结构：否定句 + based only on + 名词，下一句用 also 补上另一个考量。这是很自然的「不只…还…」写法，比 not only… but also… 更口语。
• 套用：I don't choose a language school based only on price. I also think about class size and location.（我选语言学校不只看价格，也会考虑班级人数和地点。）

句型 2：Because / Since + 原因子句, 主要子句（因为…，所以…）

• 原文：Because changing prices often costs time and money, many businesses look ahead…
• 结构：Because 和 Since 都能把原因放句首，后面加逗号再接结果。注意英文不能同时用 because 和 so。Since 语气略轻，常用在「大家都知道的原因」。
• 套用：Since the yen is weak right now, many Taiwanese people are traveling to Japan.（因为日圆现在很弱，很多台湾人去日本旅游。）
• 小提醒：动名词词组当主词（changing prices）时，动词用单数 costs。

句型 3：S + highlight(s) / highlighted + the importance of + N / V-ing（凸显…的重要性）

• 原文：Their research also highlighted the importance of expectations and clear communication in monetary policy.
• 结构：highlight 表示「凸显、强调」；the importance of 后面接名词或动名词。此句描述研究的重要意涵，不是引用研究者个人的政策建议。
• 套用：The meeting highlighted the importance of confirming deadlines with clients.（这场会议凸显了与客户确认截止日期的重要性。）

情境：同事 Amy 和 Kevin 午休时聊到出国旅游的预算。

• Amy: Did you see the news? Two economists just won the Nobel Prize.
• Kevin: Yes! Their research is about inflation and interest rates, right?
• Amy: Right. Speaking of inflation, everything is getting so expensive. I'm worried about my trip to Australia next year.
• Kevin: Then you should look ahead and exchange some money when the rate is good.
• Amy: Good idea. I also expect hotel prices to go up during the holidays.
• Kevin: Hotels set prices based on demand, so booking early really helps.
• Amy: Maybe I'll share a room with a friend to save money, too.
• Kevin: Smart. That way, you won't feel the slowdown in your wallet!

读完新闻短文和单词后，试着回答下面 4 题；选好答案按下确认，就会看到解析。

新闻里的单词看懂了，真正遇到外国同事、面试或英文会议时，却不一定说得出口。Ambitious Learner 一对一在线英文可依你的程度，把新闻英文、职场英文与口语练习放进实际课程。

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• Prize in Economic Sciences 2026 — Press release：Nobel 官方新闻稿，2026 年 10 月 12 日。
• The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel：Nobel 官方奖项介绍。
• Two Americans win Nobel Prize in economics for work on boom-bust cycles：NPR（Scott Horsley）／OPB 转载，2026/10/12
• U.S. economists win Nobel for work on managing economic shocks：Axios（Courtenay Brown），2026/10/12
• Nobel economics prize awarded to Robert Hall and Michael Woodford：Al Jazeera，2026/10/12